
The Promised Land is described as “a land of torrent valleys of water, springs and watery deeps issuing forth in the valley plain and in the mountainous region.” ( De 8:7) Some of the streams are fed by springs and are therefore perennial, whereas others are torrents during the rainy season but dry up completely during the rainless season. ( Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti Libros, Leiden, 1958, p. 607) The term “wadi” (Arabic) is also used to designate a torrent valley.- Ge 32:23, ftn.

( 1Ki 17:4 Ps 110:7) Regarding the word naʹchal, A. P. Stanley, in his book Sinai and Palestine (1885, p. 590), observes: “No English word is exactly equivalent, but perhaps ‘torrent-bed’ most nearly expresses it.” A Hebrew and Aramaic lexicon by Koehler and Baumgartner lists “torrent-valley” as one of its definitions. The Hebrew word naʹchal may denote either the valley through which a stream flows ( Ge 26:19 2Ki 3:16 Job 30:6 Ca 6:11) or the stream itself.
